Energy-Conserving Numerical Simulations of Electron Holes in Two-Species Plasmas
نویسندگان
چکیده
In this paper, we apply our recently developed energy-conserving discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods [1] for the two-species Vlasov-Ampère system to simulate the evolution of electron holes (EHs). The EH is an important Bernstein-Greene-Kurskal (BGK) state and is constructed based on the Schamel distribution in our simulation. By varying the mass and temperature ratios, we observe the stationary and moving EHs, as well as the break up of EHs at later times upon initial perturbation of the electron distribution. Those results agree well with the existing results in the literature. Our methods are demonstrated to be conservative in the total energy and particle numbers for both species.
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